Warehouse first in, first out planning
1. Entry and exit are carried out through different doors, with inbound entering through the warehouse door and outbound exiting through the outbound door.
2. Joint document system, with two copies per box, one attached to the box and the other placed in a folder. The materials are sorted according to their entry time, and the materials with the earliest document time in the folder are prioritized for use when needed.
3. In the dual zone system, material allocation is divided into two zones. The incoming materials are placed in zone A, and the materials are issued from zone B. When the distribution in zone B is completed, the identification signs of zones A and B are exchanged, and the materials are always issued from zone B.
4. Gravity feeding system is suitable for bulk loading of materials such as cement, rice, plastic pellets, and oil. The materials are stored in large warehouses, with the upper part entering the warehouse and the lower part exiting the warehouse.
5. Relocation system, where materials are moved from one end or side of the acceptance warehouse to the issuing end to ensure first in, first out. However, this system has drawbacks and requires a large amount of work to be done every time materials are issued. The goods can be placed on wheels or wheel plates.
6. Axial products are placed on steel frames with shafts to gradually move from the storage end to the issuing end (while solving the problem of stacking height), and a locking device should be installed.
Warehouse layout design
Location determination of goods:
(1) Generally, it should be arranged according to the processes of warehousing, acceptance, storage, sorting, and outbound;
(2) Determine the location based on the frequency of homework, with the higher frequency closer to the door.
Determination of cargo location size:
The size of the storage space is related to the utilization rate of warehouse area and space, as well as whether the storage space can be accessed smoothly. The size of the storage space depends on the clearance size that needs to be left around the cargo unit, and also needs to be considered based on the total amount of single materials required during the peak sales season.
Not paying attention to the flow of goods (those with high throughput should be placed in the shortest moving distance, including the main channel and low cargo positions).
Functional area division:
It refers to the comprehensive and reasonable arrangement of various components of the warehouse - inventory area, incoming inspection area, tally area, distribution and stocking area, channel, and auxiliary operation area within the prescribed scope.
(1) Classify and store goods based on their characteristics, and store goods with similar characteristics in a centralized manner;
(2) Store goods with large unit volume and weight at the bottom of the shelf, close to the outbound area and passage;
(3) Store goods with high turnover rates in the most convenient location for loading, unloading, and handling in and out of the warehouse;
(4) Centralize the storage of goods from the same supplier or customer for sorting and distribution operations.
Logistics related design
Linear type
The entrance and exit are located on the opposite side of the warehouse, and regardless of the size of the order or the number of goods picked, they must go through the entire warehouse process, which is suitable for logistics operations with simple workflow and small scale;
Double linear type
The entrance and exit are located on the opposite side of the warehouse, but have two pathways, suitable for logistics forms with similar operation processes but two different inbound and outbound forms;
Serrated type
The entrance and exit are located on different sides of the warehouse, with a zigzag route, usually suitable for multiple rows of parallel inventory shelves;
U-shaped
The entrance and exit are located on the same side of the warehouse. Based on the frequency of incoming and outgoing goods, items with high traffic volume are arranged in the storage area near the entrance and exit ends to shorten the picking and handling route of items;
Split flow type
Suitable for sorting operations in bulk.
Channel design
1. Channel types, including storage area channels and channels between warehouses (storage locations);
2. The direction, width, and quantity of the passage shall not be less than 4 meters for car passages and 3.6 meters for forklift passages;
3. Ensure that the inbound and outbound movements of goods are unidirectional and linear, avoiding inefficient operations such as reverse operations and significant changes in direction;
During the transportation process, areas that are prone to collision can be wrapped with soft materials such as corners and pillars.
Design of handling equipment
1. Adopt efficient material handling equipment;
2. The handling equipment should be designed with appropriate card loading tools based on the shape of the warehouse materials. Forklift plates for paper rolls should be curved, while flat plates should consider rolling braking devices and have soft protection
3. Under the limitations of the size, type, and turning radius of material handling equipment, minimize the space occupied by the passage as much as possible
Cargo stacking equipment
Cargo stacking
It refers to the general term for the operation methods and techniques of stacking goods. It is a method of stacking goods in various shapes according to certain rules based on the packaging, appearance, and storage requirements of the goods, combined with warehouse equipment conditions and storage time.
1. Basic requirements for stacking goods
(1) The quantity, quality, and packaging of goods must meet the requirements during formal stacking;
(2) The stacking site should be dry and elevated. For the convenience of mechanical handling, pallets can be used;
(3) The basic requirements for stacking are: reasonable, firm, quantitative, neat, and economical.
2. Cargo stacking method
(1) Stack as high as possible to improve storage efficiency;
(2) The principle of prioritizing the bottom over the top;
(3) Select the location based on the frequency of outbound shipments;
(4) The principle of storing the same variety in the same place;
(5) Principle of easy identification;
(6) Principle of convenience in counting points;
(7) Arrange storage methods based on shape;
(8) The goods are easy to be scratched and scratched, and the pallet should have a protective layer of foam boards;
(9) When stacking goods to prevent rolling, consideration should be given to whether the goods will be damaged.
